A stochastic time-to-digital converter for digital phase-locked loops

Digital phase-locked loops (PLLs) have been receiving increasing attention recently due to their ease of integration, scalability and performance comparable to their analog counterparts. In digital PLLs, increased resolution in time-to-digital conversion is desirable for improved noise performance. This work describes the design and simulation of a stochastic time-to-digital converter (STDC) for a digital PLL to attain high resolution. The converter is intended to comprise the fine loop of the phase-frequency detector, whose coarse loop would be comprised of a time-to-digital converter designed using the conventional delay-chain approach. The STDC is designed, simulated and sent for fabrication in a 0.35μm SOI CMOS process. System level simulations in MATLAB are verified by device level simulations in Spectre on circuits extracted from layout. The results support the viability of using the proposed circuit for high resolution time-to-digital conversion.Keywords: time-to-digital converter, dpl

The survey on Near Field Communication

PubMed ID: 26057043Near Field Communication (NFC) is an emerging short-range wireless communication technology that offers great and varied promise in services such as payment, ticketing, gaming, crowd sourcing, voting, navigation, and many others. NFC technology enables the integration of services from a wide range of applications into one single smartphone. NFC technology has emerged recently, and consequently not much academic data are available yet, although the number of academic research studies carried out in the past two years has already surpassed the total number of the prior works combined. This paper presents the concept of NFC technology in a holistic approach from different perspectives, including hardware improvement and optimization, communication essentials and standards, applications, secure elements, privacy and security, usability analysis, and ecosystem and business issues. Further research opportunities in terms of the academic and business points of view are also explored and discussed at the end of each section. This comprehensive survey will be a valuable guide for researchers and academicians, as well as for business in the NFC technology and ecosystem.Publisher's Versio

A tokenization-based communication architecture for HCE-Enabled NFC services

Following the announcement of Host Card Emulation (HCE) technology, card emulation mode based Near Field Communication (NFC) services have gained further appreciation as an enabler of the Cloud-based Secure Element (SE) concept. A comprehensive and complete architecture with a centralized and feasible business model for diverse HCE-based NFC services will be highly appreciated, particularly by Service Providers and users. To satisfy the need in this new emerging research area, a Tokenization-based communication architecture for HCE-based NFC services is presented in this paper. Our architecture proposes Two-Phased Tokenization to enable the identity management of both user and Service Provider. NFC Smartphone users can store, manage, and make use of their sensitive data on the Cloud for NFC services; Service Providers can also provide diverse card emulation NFC services easily through the proposed architecture. In this paper, we initially present the Two-Phased Tokenization model and then validate the proposed architecture by providing a case study on access control. We further evaluate the usability aspect in terms of an authentication scheme. We then discuss the ecosystem and business model comprised of the proposed architecture and emphasize the contributions to ecosystem actors. Finally, suggestions are provided for data protection in transit and at rest.This work is funded by KocSistem Information and Communication Services Inc. and Turkish Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology under SAN-TEZ Project no. 0726.STZ.2014Publisher's Versio

Near Field Communication: From theory to practice

This book provides the technical essentials, state-of-the-art knowledge, business ecosystem and standards of Near Field Communication (NFC)by NFC Lab - Istanbul research centre which conducts intense research on NFC technology. In this book, the authors present the contemporary research on all aspects of NFC, addressing related security aspects as well as information on various business models. In addition, the book provides comprehensive information a designer needs to design an NFC project, an analyzer needs to analyze requirements of a new NFC based system, and a programmer needs to implement an application. Furthermore, the authors introduce the technical and administrative issues related to NFC technology, standards, and global stakeholders. It also offers comprehensive information as well as use case studies for each NFC operating mode to give the usage idea behind each operating mode thoroughly. Examples of NFC application development are provided using Java technology, and security considerations are discussed in detail. Key Features: Offers a complete understanding of the NFC technology, including standards, technical essentials, operating modes, application development with Java, security and privacy, business ecosystem analysis Provides analysis, design as well as development guidance for professionals from administrative and technical perspectives Discusses methods, techniques and modelling support including UML are demonstrated with real cases Contains case studies such as payment, ticketing, social networking and remote shopping This book will be an invaluable guide for business and ecosystem analysts, project managers, mobile commerce consultants, system and application developers, mobile developers and practitioners. It will also be of interest to researchers, software engineers, computer scientists, information technology specialists including students and graduates.Publisher's Versio

NFC internal: An indoor navigation system

PubMed ID: 25825976Indoor navigation systems have recently become a popular research field due to the lack of GPS signals indoors. Several indoors navigation systems have already been proposed in order to eliminate deficiencies; however each of them has several technical and usability limitations. In this study, we propose NFC Internal, a Near Field Communication (NFC)-based indoor navigation system, which enables users to navigate through a building or a complex by enabling a simple location update, simply by touching NFC tags those are spread around and orient users to the destination. In this paper, we initially present the system requirements, give the design details and study the viability of NFC Internal with a prototype application and a case study. Moreover, we evaluate the performance of the system and compare it with existing indoor navigation systems. It is seen that NFC Internal has considerable advantages and significant contributions to existing indoor navigation systems in terms of security and privacy, cost, performance, robustness, complexity, user preference and commercial availability.Publisher's Versio

A survey on near field communication

Yakın Alan İletişimi iki elektronik cihazın kısa mesafede, yüksek frekansta ve düşük bant genişliğinde haberleşmesini sağlayan Radyo Frekansı ile Tanımlama tabanlı bir teknolojidir. NFC uygulamaları temel olarak üç ayrı çalışma kipi kullanırlar ve her bir kipin kullanımının getirmiş olduğu ayrı özellikler ve avantajlar mevcuttur. Her çalışma kipi farklı iş fırsatları ve katma değer olanakları sunabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle dünyada şu an itibari ile mevcut tüm NFC uygulamaları ve prototipleri, kullanmış oldukları çalışma kiplerine göre incelenmiştir. Daha sonra bu çalışmaların her biri ayrıntılı biçimde analiz edilmiş ve oluşturdukları katma değer ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma, bu alandaki hedef beklentilerimizin konulması ile neticelendirilmiştir.Near Field Communication is a new, emerging technology based on RFID technology. It provides short distance, wireless communication between two NFC enabled mobile handsets at high frequency and low bandwidth NFC applications uses three operating modes so that each mode has distinguishable properties, advantages, and disadvantages; so that each one provides different possible business opportunities and different addedvalue perspectives. In this paper we examined available NFC applications and application prototypes, noticing the modes each one uses. We also have analyzed those applications and pointed out which value-added services provide which benefits. We also have provided our vision on this area in this work

Bir elektronik posta ortamının geliştirilmesi ve yakın saha iletişimi uygulaması

Text in English; Abstract: English and TurkishIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 45-48)X, 49 leavesE-mail is one of today's widely used communication tools. Mobility, which is defined as being free from any geographical restrictions to make use of any service, is a very important requirement for the users to access e-mail data. The aim of this study is to develop a web based mail server application, and a mobile mail client application to provide an e-mail service for the users which gives the opportunity to reach their e-mails from anywhere they want. MailMoby webmail application enables users to reach their mailboxes from their browsers while they are on the Internet. On the other hand, MobileMoby, the mobile client application, enables access to mailbox using their Java-enabled smart phones. Mobile technologies are growing fast to satisfy mobility requirements; one of these rapidly growing mobile technologies is NFC (Near Field Communication). In addition to the e-mail applications development, NFC is studied, and usability of an NFC application is tested through MobileMoby.Elektronik posta günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan iletişim araçlarından bir tanesidir. Coğrafi kısıtlamalardan bağımsız olarak servis kullanımı olarak tanımlanan hareketlilik (taşınırlık), kullanıcıların elektronik postalarına ulaşabilmeleri için önemli bir gereksinimdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı internet tabanlı ve mobil tabanlı elektronik posta uygulamalarını geliştirerek, kullanıcılara elektronik posta hizmeti sağlamak ve elektronik postalarına istedikleri her yerden ulaşabilmelerini sağlamaktır. İnternet tabanlı MailMoby Uygulaması kullanıcıların tarayıcılarını kullanarak, internet üzerinden elektronik posta kutularına ulaşmalarını sağlamaktadır. Diğer taraftan, MobileMoby kullanıcıların Java destekleyen telefonları üzerinden elektronik postalarına ulaşmalarını sağlamaktadır. Mobil teknolojilerin hızla geliştiği günümüzde, bu teknolojilerden biri de 2Yakın Saha İletişimi3dir. Elektronik posta uygulamalarının geliştirilmesine ek olarak, bu teknoloji çalışılmış, araştırılmış ve bu teknolojiyi kullanan bir uygulamanın kullanılabilirliği MobileMoby uygulamasının da yardımıyla test edilmiştir

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I would like to thank my advisors Dr. Un-Ku Moon and Dr. Karti Mayaram for their valuable guidance over the course of the last two years. I would also like to thank members of my thesis committee for their useful feedback. Thanks to Pavan Hanumolu and Gil-Cho Ahn for always being supportive and providing helpful insight into design issues. Thanks to everyone else in lab for being open to answering questions and putting up with me during soccer. Thanks to AFRL for making my assistantship possible by funding this research project. Thanks to Tufan for always being ready to go lifting or to Platinum (Thanks Dave) or Senor Sam’s with me, acting as my airport shuttle, doing house or driving around Corvallis. Many thanks to Cumhur for helping a lot with organizing the defense and always saying yes to sushi. Thanks to both for late night Shari’s runs, daily doses of Dutch Bros./Starbucks and cigars on the roof or at the MU quad. Thanks mom and dad, I hope I can raise my kids the way you raised me. Finally, thanks Bebegim for always being patient with me, always supportin

A survey on Near Field Communication (NFC) technology

Near Field Communication (NFC) as a promising short range wireless communication technology facilitates mobile phone usage of billions of people throughout the world that offers diverse services ranging from payment and loyalty applications to access keys for offices and houses. Eventually NFC technology integrates all such services into one single mobile phone. NFC technology has emerged lately, and consequently not much academic source is available yet. On the contrary, due to its promising business case options, there will be an increasing amount of work to be studied in the very close future. This paper presents the concept of NFC technology in a holistic approach with different perspectives, including communication essentials with standards, ecosystem and business issues, applications, and security issues. Open research areas and further recommended studies in terms of academic and business point of view are also explored and discussed at the end of each major subject's subsection. This comprehensive survey will be a valuable guide for researchers and academicians as well as for business world interested in NFC technology.Publisher's Versio

Usability of mobile voting with NFC technology

Voting is a method to select one opinion or a person often following discussion, debate or an election campaign. After centuries of paper based voting ballots, electronic voting is used along with various technologies. One of the promising technologies is Near Field Communication (NFC) which allows data transfer between NFC-enabled devices and smart tags within a short distance. In this paper, we have presented a new type of a secure voting system, namely NFC voting, and evaluated the system's usability in a university council election with an executable prototype. Among other findings, we found that NFC voting satisfies electronic voting requirements and further increases the subjective usability of the proposed system.Publisher's Versio